![]() ![]() (Adapted from the World health organization). In the analyses carried out for World Health Report 2002, approximately 58% of diabetes and 21% of ischemic heart disease and 8-42% of certain cancers globally were attributable to a BMI above 21 kg/m2. Although obesity should be considered a disease in its own right, it is also one of the key risk factors for other chronic diseases together with smoking, high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol. Chronic overweight and obesity contribute significantly to osteoarthritis, a major cause of disability in adults. Raised BMI also increases the risks of cancer of the breast, colon, prostrate, endometroium, kidney and gallbladder. And this is increasingly becoming a developing world problem. Approximately 85% of people with diabetes are type 2, and of these, 90% are obese or overweight. Confined to older adults for most of the 20th century, this disease now affects obese children even before puberty. The likelihood of developing Type 2 diabetes and hypertension rises steeply with increasing body fat percentage. The more life-threatening problems fall into four main areas: CVD problems conditions associated with insulin resistance such as type 2 diabetes certain types of cancers, especially the hormonally related and large-bowel cancers and gallbladder disease. The non-fatal, but debilitating health problems associated with obesity include respiratory difficulties, chronic musculoskeletal problems, skin problems and infertility. Some confusion of the consequences of obesity arises because researchers have used different BMI cut-offs, and because the presence of many medical conditions involved in the development of obesity may confuse the effects of obesity itself. Overweight and obesity lead to adverse metabolic effects on blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin resistance. The endomorphs are at the greatest risk for developing obesity, mesomorphs are at a moderate risk and ectomorphs are at little or no risk. Gains Muscle Easily Like the Mesomorph.The skin is soft and smooth, and the hair is fine. The hands and feet of the endomorph are comparatively small, and the upper arms and thighs are often more developed than the lower parts of the arms or legs. This may give the appearance of stalkiness. The arms and legs of the extreme endomorph are short in length and taper. The physique presents the illusion that much of the mass has been concentrated in the abdominal area. The body of the extreme endomorph is round and soft. The skin of the mesomorph is thick and the mesomorph tans well. Arms and legs are developed and even the digits of the hand are muscled. The face is long and broad, and is cubicle in shape. ![]() Features of the face are clearly defined, such as cheek bones and a square, heavy jaw. The bones and muscles of the head are prominent. The torso tapers to a relatively narrow and low waist. The mesomorph has well-defined muscles and large bones. The hair is fine and grows quickly and is sometimes difficult to keep in place. Due to the great body area in relation to muscle mass, the ectomorph may suffer from great heat, and due to low body fat, the ectomorph may suffer from great cold. The skin tends to burn easily.Įxtreme ectomorphs may suffer from extremes of temperature. The features of the face are sharp, and the shape of the face is triangular. The extreme ectomorph may have long fingers, toes and neck are long. The ectomorph is not naturally powerful and will have to work hard for every ounce of muscle and every bit of strength he or she can gain. Straight up and straight down, and may appear longer than he or she really is, due to the length of limbs coupled with lack of muscle mass developed on those limbs. The limbs are relatively long in proportion and the shoulders droop. The bones are light, joints are small and muscles are slight. The extreme ectomorph physique is a fragile and delicate one. These body types are ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph D espite the fact that people come in all shapes and sizes, most people can be placed into a particular category of body type. ![]()
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